How are stones set like this? (Jewelry Noob)

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How are stones set like this? (Jewelry Noob)

How are stones set like this? (Jewelry Noob)

Sorry if this is a silly question but I’m looking to start wax carving, and curious if I could achieve settings like this without casting with the stones in (as I know only very specific stones can be left in to cast). Are these stones soldered in somehow? or glued? I can’t wrap my head around would they wouldn’t be cast!

submitted by /u/Foreign-Potato-9535 to r/jewelrymaking
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